What is Kafka’s operating principle?

Kafka is a distributed streaming platform, and it operates by following a few key steps.

1. The producer publishes data to one or more topics in Kafka in the form of messages. Each message includes a key and a value.
2. Kafka partitions messages by topic, with each partition having a unique offset to identify the messages within it.
3. Consumers have the ability to subscribe to one or multiple topics, and consume messages from specified partitions. Consumers can read messages in various ways, such as by time order or by offset.
4. Kafka stores messages on disk to ensure data reliability, using replication to provide data redundancy so that even if one node fails, the data remains accessible.
5. Kafka uses ZooKeeper for cluster management and coordination, overseeing the state of brokers and assigning partitions to consumers.

Overall, Kafka’s operation is based on the publish-subscribe model, implementing high throughput, low latency, and high reliability data processing and transmission through partitioning and replication mechanisms.