How does HBase manage data consistency and fault tolerance?

HBase uses various technologies to ensure the consistency and fault tolerance of data.

Consistency: HBase ensures data consistency by using Write-Ahead Logging (WAL). When writing data, the data is first written to the WAL before being written to memory. Once the data is successfully written to the WAL, it can be recovered even if the server fails. Additionally, HBase supports multi-version control, allowing data consistency to be controlled using version numbers.

Fault tolerance: HBase utilizes HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) to store data, which is a highly reliable distributed file system capable of tolerating hardware failures and data loss. Furthermore, HBase also supports data backup and replication, allowing data to be backed up on multiple nodes to enhance fault tolerance.

In general, HBase ensures data reliability and stability through technologies like WAL, multi-version control, HDFS, and data backup, ensuring data consistency and fault tolerance.