How is the row_number() function used in SQL?

In SQL, the ROW_NUMBER() function is used to assign a unique number to each row in the result set. The specific usage is as follows:

SELECT 
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY column_name) AS row_num,
    column1, 
    column2, 
    ...
FROM 
    table_name;

In the example above, the ROW_NUMBER() function will sort the result set based on the column specified in the ORDER BY clause and assign a unique number to each row. This number will be returned as a new column named row_num.

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