How should multiple exception classes in Java be sorted?

In Java, multiple exception classes can be sorted based on their inheritance relationships and specific exception types. Generally, they should be sorted in order from specific to general according to the inheritance structure of the exception classes, so that the most specific exceptions can be caught and handled accordingly. The specific sorting order can be adjusted based on actual needs, but generally should follow the following principles:

1. Place the most specific exception classes at the front to ensure they are caught first.
2. Place common exception classes (such as IOException, RuntimeException, etc.) at the end as a last resort option.

For example, here is a common way of sorting:

1. A reference to a non-existing object
2. The error message “ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException” occurs when trying to access an element in an array at an index that is outside the bounds of the array.
3. An error occurs when trying to cast an object to a different incompatible type.
4. An error related to input/output operations.
5. An unexpected error occurred.

When the program encounters an exception, it will match the exception classes in the specified order until the appropriate exception handling method is found. Incorrect ordering could result in some exceptions not being caught or handled. Therefore, appropriately ordering exception classes can improve the readability and robustness of the code.