How to add permissions for a user using chmod in Linux?

To grant users permissions, you can use the ‘chmod’ command. This command is used to change the permissions of files or directories.

Below are the steps for adding permissions to a user using the chmod command:

1. Open the terminal or command line interface.
2. To add permissions, use the following command format:
3. Change the permissions of a file or directory using the command “chmod”
4. In which permissions can be represented by numbers or symbols. The numeric representation of permissions involves assigning values of 4 for read (r), 2 for write (w), and 1 for execute (x), then adding these values together. For example, rwx permission is 7, and r-x permission is 5. The symbolic representation of permissions involves using u (user), g (group), o (others), and a (all), then using + (add permission) or – (remove permission) to operate. For example, u+r means adding read permission for the user.
5. For example, if you want to add read permissions to a file named file.txt, you can use the following command:
6. Give read permission to file.txt
7. To grant all users read access, you can use the following command:
8. Allow all users to read the file “file.txt”
9. To grant users and groups read and write permissions, you can use the following command:
10. Give read and write permissions to the owner and group of the file.txt.
11. After executing the command, you can use the ls -l command to check if the permissions of the file or directory have been changed.

Note: Sufficient permission is required when using the chmod command to modify the permission of a file or directory. If the current user does not have enough permission, the sudo command should be used to elevate the permission.