How to use the Meshgrid function in Numpy?

In Numpy, the meshgrid function is used to generate a matrix of grid point coordinates. It takes a one-dimensional array as input and returns two two-dimensional arrays, each corresponding to the rows and columns of the input array.

Below is a basic usage example of the meshgrid function:

import numpy as np

x = np.array([1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([4, 5, 6])

x_grid, y_grid = np.meshgrid(x, y)

print(x_grid)
print(y_grid)

The output is:

[[1 2 3]
 [1 2 3]
 [1 2 3]]
[[4 4 4]
 [5 5 5]
 [6 6 6]]

Here, x_grid is a 3×3 matrix where each row contains elements from the input array x. Similarly, y_grid is also a 3×3 matrix where each column contains elements from the input array y. This creates a grid-like coordinate system.

The meshgrid function can also accept multiple one-dimensional arrays as input and generate multi-dimensional grid matrices. For example:

x = np.array([1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([4, 5, 6])
z = np.array([7, 8, 9])

x_grid, y_grid, z_grid = np.meshgrid(x, y, z)

print(x_grid)
print(y_grid)
print(z_grid)

The output is a 3x3x3 three-dimensional matrix, each corresponding to the grid coordinates of the values in the input arrays x, y, z in three-dimensional space.