- SUBSTR: used to extract a substring from a string
- INSTR: Used to determine the position of a substring within a string.
- CONCAT: used to join two strings.
- LENGTH: used to determine the size of a string.
- TRIM: Used to remove spaces or specified characters from a string.
- UPPER: used to convert a string to uppercase
- LOWER: used to convert a string to lowercase
- REPLACE: Used to substitute a substring in a string
- LPAD and RPAD are used to pad a string with a specified character on the left and right side, respectively.
- Translate: Used to replace specified characters in a string with another character.
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