What are the differences between await and wait in Java?

In Java, both await and wait are used for synchronizing threads, but they have some differences:

1. The await method was introduced in JDK5, defined in the Condition interface, to wait for a condition variable to be met before continuing execution. On the other hand, the wait method is defined in the Object class, to wait for a thread to be awakened before continuing execution.
2. await must be called by the owner of a certain lock, specifically in the lock method of ReentrantLock, while wait can be called on any object.
3. The await method must have exception handling within a try-catch block, while the wait method can be called within a synchronized block, with the synchronized block handling the exception.
4. The await method must be actively called on signal or signalAll to awaken the waiting thread when the condition variable is met, while the wait method can be awakened by other threads calling notify or notifyAll.

In general, both await and wait can be used for thread synchronization, but in different scenarios. Await is more suitable for condition waiting in ReentrantLock, while wait is more suitable for the wait-notify mechanism in Object.