What are the functions and characteristics of the C++ handle class?

The C++ handle class is a type of class used for managing resources, designed to encapsulate operations on resources and ensure they are correctly released after use to avoid issues like resource leaks and memory leaks.

Characteristics of the handle category include:

1. Encapsulation: The handle class encapsulates the operations of resources within the class, so users do not need to worry about the specific details of resource operations, they only need to use the interfaces provided by the handle class.
2. Safety: Handle classes ensure that resources can be properly released after use, eliminating issues such as resource leaks and memory leaks.
3. Scalability: Handle classes can be expanded as needed, such as adding resource sharing and copy functions to meet diverse requirements.
4. Efficiency: classes like handlers often utilize techniques such as smart pointers to manage resources, in turn boosting the efficiency and performance of the program.

In conclusion, the handle class can enhance the security, reliability, and maintainability of a program, making it a very useful design pattern.