What are the functions of np.clip in Python?

In Python, the np.clip function is used to limit the elements in an array to a specified range. Its main functions include:

1. Replace elements in the array that are less than a specified lower limit with the specified lower limit value.
2. Replace elements in the array that are greater than a specified upper limit with the specified upper limit value.
3. Replace elements in the array that are outside of a specified range with the boundaries of that range.
4. Return a new array without modifying the original one.

The specific usage is as follows:

import numpy as np

# 示例数组
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

# 将数组中小于2的元素替换为2
clipped_arr = np.clip(arr, 2, None)
print(clipped_arr)  # 输出: [2 2 3 4 5]

# 将数组中大于4的元素替换为4
clipped_arr = np.clip(arr, None, 4)
print(clipped_arr)  # 输出: [1 2 3 4 4]

# 将数组中小于2或大于4的元素替换为2和4
clipped_arr = np.clip(arr, 2, 4)
print(clipped_arr)  # 输出: [2 2 3 4 4]

It is important to note that the np.clip function can specify both a lower and upper limit at the same time, or only one of them. If the lower or upper limit specified is None, it means there is no restriction on the lower or upper limit.