在CentOs7/nginx/php/MySQL上搭建Nextcloud环境

系统环境

操作系统
– CentOs7
Web服务器
– Nginx
其他中间件
– PHP 8.0
– PHP-FPM 8.0
– MySQL 8.0
– Redis 6.2
应用程序
– Nextcloud 22.2.0

整个情势/全局的趋势

1 安装必需包
2 安装和配置Nginx
3 安装和配置PHP
4 安装MySQL并创建数据库
5 安装和设置Nextcloud
6 安装和配置Redis
7 处理安全性和设置警告列表问题。

1. 安装必要的软件包。

1-1 安装Nextcloud所需的软件包来构建环境。

sudo yum install -y epel-release yum-utils unzip curl wget bash-completion bzip2

1-2 安装完成后系统的更新

sudo yum update -y

2. Nginx的安装和配置

2-1 安装Nginx

sudo yum install nginx -y

创建2-2 nextcloud.conf文件。

请在/etc/nginx/conf.d目录下创建nextcloud.conf文件。

sudo touch nextcloud.conf

編輯 /etc/nginx/conf.d/nextcloud.conf 文件,需要 2-3 步驟。

sudo vi nextcloud.conf

当您打开文件后,输入“i”即可开始编辑。

 upstream php-handler {
    server unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name (サーバのIPアドレス);

    # Add headers to serve security related headers
    # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
    # topic first.
    # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
    # includeSubDomains; preload;";
    #
    # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    # could take several months.
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
    add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;

    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /var/www/html/nextcloud/;

    location = /robots.txt {
       allow all;
       log_not_found off;
       access_log off;
    }

    # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
    # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
    # last;

    location = /.well-known/carddav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
    }
    location = /.well-known/caldav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
    }

    # set max upload size
    client_max_body_size 512M;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
    # This module is currently not supported.
    #pagespeed off;

    location / {
        rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
    }

    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
        deny all;
    }
    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+)\.php(?:$|/) {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        #fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
        #Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;
    }

    location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
        try_files $uri/ =404;
        index index.php;
    }

    # Adding the cache control header for js and css files
    # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
    location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif|mp4)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
        # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
        # have those duplicated to the ones above)
        # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
        # this topic first.
        # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";
        #
        # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
        # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
        # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
        # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
        # could take several months.
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
        add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
        add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
        # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        access_log off;
    }

    location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
        access_log off;
    }
}

如果你能输入以上内容,按下Esc键→输入:wq可以保存。

2-4 启动和自动启动的设置

因为已经完成了nginx的配置,所以现在开始启动并设置自动启动。

sudo systemctl start nginx  //起動方法

sudo systemctl enable nginx  //自動起動方法

nginx的日志会输出到/var/log/nginx/目录下。

进行 PHP 的安装和设置

1. 安装 PHP 模块 3-1

sudo yum install http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm -y
sudo yum install --enablerepo=remi,remi-php80 php php-fpm php-cli php-common php-curl php-gd php-mbstring php-mysqlnd php-process php-xml php-opcache php-pecl-apcu php-intl php-pecl-redis php-pecl-zip php-pear -y

3-2 PHP-FPM配置设定

由于www.conf文件的内容较多,只记录更改的部分。

< user = apache

> user = nginx
-----
< group = apache

> group = nginx
-----
< listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

> listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock
-----
< ;listen.owner = nobody
< ;listen.group = nobody
< ;listen.mode = 0660

> listen.owner = nginx
> listen.group = nginx
> listen.mode = 0666
-----
< ;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
< ;env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
< ;env[TMP] = /tmp
< ;env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
< ;env[TEMP] = /tmp

> env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
> env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin
> env[TMP] = /tmp
> env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
> env[TEMP] = /tmp

更改 PHP 会话目录的组信息为 3-3。

sudo chown -R root:nginx /var/lib/php/session

3-4 启动和自动启动的设定

sudo systemctl start php-fpm  //起動方法

sudo systemctl enable php-fpm  //自動起動方法

补充:PHP-FPM的日志会输出到/var/log/php-fpm/目录下。

安装并创建MySQL数据库

确认并删除MariaDB相关库。

由于CentOS7默认使用MariaDB,因此我们将删除相关库。

rpm -qa | grep mariadb    //存在の確認

sudo yum remove mariadb-libs  //削除
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/

4-2 安装

rpm -ivh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm

sudo yum install mysql-community-server

4-3启动和自动启动设置

sudo systemctl start mysqld.service    //起動

sudo systemctl enable mysqld.service   //自動起動

4-4 请确认密码。

在安装时,root密码被输出到log文件中,可以使用grep进行确认。

grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
//grepで出力されるログ例
2021-10-28T02:20:42.844277Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ZrZlt!ZNt6kS

请记下[ZrZlt!ZNt6kS]作为初始密码,因为我们将在后续工作中使用它。请保留好密码。

4-5 个基本设置

sudo mysql_secure_installation

パスワードが求められますので、先ほど控えたパスワードを入力します
New password、Re-enter new passwordでrootユーザのパスワードを設定する以外はEnterキーを押していきます

创建4-6个数据库和用户

以下の通り設定しております
-ユーザ名:sampleuser
-DB名:sampledb
-パスワード:Samplepass%2021
(任意のユーザ名、DB名、パスワードを入力してください)

mysql -u root -p

CREATE DATABASE sampledb DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4;
CREATE USER 'sampleuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Samplepass%2021';
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'sampleuser'@'localhost';

exit;

5 安装和设置 Nextcloud

5-1 安装

wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-22.2.0.tar.bz2

5-2 配置

インストールしたNextcloudのパッケージを展開します

tar xf nextcloud-22.2.0.tar.bz2

展開したNextcloudをドキュメントルートにコピー
(本記事のドキュメントルートは2-3で設定しているように/var/www/html/となります)

sudo cp -R nextcloud/ /var/www/html/

创建一个名为data的目录。

sudo mkdir /var/www/html/nextcloud/data

改变整个文件夹及文件的所有权

sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www/html/nextcloud

PHP-FPMとnginxの再起動を行います

sudo systemctl restart nginx

sudo systemctl restart php-fpm

从浏览器进入Nextcloud进行设置。

请在浏览器中访问指定的URL,并显示Nextcloud页面。

nextcloudセットアップ画面.jpg
建立5-3-1管理者账户。

请输入以下内容:
– 用户名:admin
– 密码:adominpass

5-3-2 指定数据库

点击「存储和数据库」,选择MySQL作为数据库。

将以下内容输入为在4-6中设置的(本篇文章的以下内容):
– 数据库用户名:sampleuser
– 数据库名:sampledb
– 数据库密码:Samplepass%2021
– 数据库主机名:localhost:3306

在输入信息后,点击「完成设置」按钮(如有需要,请勾选「推荐应用程序安装」复选框)。

6 安装和配置 Redis

6-1 安装 Redis (Redis installation)

sudo yum install --enablerepo=remi redis -y

6-2 编辑设置文件

sudo cp -pi /var/www/html/nextcloud/config/config.php{,.orig}

我会在php标签中添加以下内容

'memcache.distributed' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
'memcache.locking' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
'memcache.local' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\APCu',
'redis' => 
array (
  'host' => 'localhost',
  'port' => 6379,
),

6月3日,启动和自动启动

sudo systemctl start redis


sudo systemctl enable redis

我会重新启动nginx和php-fpm。

sudo systemctl restart nginx


sudo systemctl restart php-fpm

(附注:Redis的日志将输出到 /var/log/redis)

对于安全性和设置警告清单的应对措施

セットアップバー.png

7-1 默认电话区域设置

请在PHP标签中添加以下内容

'default_phone_region' => 'JP

7-2 内存缓存的配置

请在PHP标签内添加以下内容。

'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',

安装推荐的PHP模块7-3

・bcmath – 大数计算库
・gmp – GNU多精度算术库
・imagick – 图像处理库

sudo yum install php80-php-bcmath php80-php-gmp php80-php-imagick

sudo cp /etc/opt/remi/php80/php.d/20-bcmath.ini /etc/php.d/

sudo cp /etc/opt/remi/php80/php.d/20-gmp.ini /etc/php.d/

sudo cp /etc/opt/remi/php80/php.d/40-imagick.ini /etc/php.d/

sudo cp /opt/remi/php80/root/usr/lib64/php/modules/bcmath.so /usr/lib64/php/modules/

sudo cp /opt/remi/php80/root/usr/lib64/php/modules/gmp.so /usr/lib64/php/modules/

sudo cp /opt/remi/php80/root/usr/lib64/php/modules/imagick.so /usr/lib64/php/modules/

sudo systemctl restart nginx && systemctl restart php-fpm

请参考下文

下一个云文档 (Xià

最后

非常感谢您阅读本文至最后。

由于在工作中搭建了Nextcloud,因此我将本文作为备忘录发布。

广告
将在 10 秒后关闭
bannerAds