首先创建 Vagrantfile

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # Ansible実行用の仮想マシンを作成
  config.vm.define "ansible" do |ansible|
    ansible.vm.box = "generic/ubuntu2004"
    ansible.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
    ansible.vm.provision "ansible" do |ansible|
      ansible.playbook = "ansible-playbook.yml"
      ansible.inventory_path = "ansible-inventory.ini"
    end
  end

  # Rails環境構築用の仮想マシンを作成
  config.vm.define "rails" do |rails|
    rails.vm.box = "generic/ubuntu2004"
    rails.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.11"
    rails.vm.provision "shell", path: "rails-setup.sh"
  end
end

启动虚拟机
vagrant up ansible
vagrant up rails

连接到Ansible服务器的SSH
使用vagrant ssh ansible

创建ansible执行文件（以apache作为测试）。

库存.ini

[rails]
192.168.33.11

apache.yml：阿帕奇配置文件

---
- name: Configure web server
  hosts: rails
  become: true
  tasks:
    - name: Install Apache web server
      apt:
        name: apache2
        state: present

    - name: Start Apache web server
      service:
        name: apache2
        state: started

执行Ansible任务

vagrant@ubuntu2004:~$ ansible-playbook -i i apache.yml 

PLAY [Configure web server] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.33.11]

TASK [Install Apache web server] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.33.11]

TASK [Start Apache web server] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.33.11]

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.33.11              : ok=3    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

在我创建的主机（192.168.33.11）上成功检查到了Apache。