20个Maven命令和选项（备忘单）

介绍

Maven是Java应用程序中最受欢迎的项目和依赖管理工具之一。Maven提供了许多命令和选项，可以帮助你应对日常任务。

这个备忘单使用一个样本Maven项目来演示一些有用的Maven命令。它最初是针对OpenJDK 13.0.1和Maven 3.6.3编写的。这些命令已经在OpenJDK 19.0.1和Maven 3.8.7上进行了验证。

Maven 命令速查表

清理mvn

This command cleans the Maven project by deleting the target directory:

1. mvn clean

 

Example of the output:

[INFO] — maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ maven-example-jar — [INFO] Deleting /Users/sammy/Desktop/maven-examples/maven-example-jar/target [INFO] ———————————————————————— [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ————————————————————————

mvn compiler:compile

This command compiles the Java source classes of the Maven project:

1. mvn compiler:compile

 

Example of the output:

[INFO] — maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-cli) @ maven-example-jar — [INFO] Changes detected – recompiling the module! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/sammy/Desktop/maven-examples/maven-example-jar/target/classes [INFO] ———————————————————————— [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ————————————————————————

mvn compiler:testCompile

This command compiles the test classes of the Maven project:

1. mvn compiler:testCompile

 

Example of the output:

[INFO] — maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:testCompile (default-cli) @ maven-example-jar — [INFO] Changes detected – recompiling the module! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/sammy/Desktop/maven-examples/maven-example-jar/target/test-classes [INFO] ———————————————————————— [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ————————————————————————

mvn package

This command builds the Maven project and packages it into a JAR, WAR, etc.:

1. mvn package

 

Example of the output:

[INFO] — maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ maven-example-jar — [INFO] Changes detected – recompiling the module! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/sammy/Desktop/maven-examples/maven-example-jar/target/classes … [INFO] — maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ maven-example-jar — [INFO] Changes detected – recompiling the module! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/sammy/Desktop/maven-examples/maven-example-jar/target/test-classes … [INFO] — maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ maven-example-jar — [INFO] Surefire report directory: /Users/sammy/Desktop/maven-examples/maven-example-jar/target/surefire-reports ——————————————————- T E S T S ——————————————————- Running com.example.maven.classes.AppTest Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.005 sec Results : Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0 [INFO] [INFO] — maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ maven-example-jar — [INFO] Building jar: /Users/sammy/Desktop/maven-examples/maven-example-jar/target/maven-example-jar-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] ———————————————————————— [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

The output shows the location of the JAR file just before the “BUILD SUCCESS” message. Notice the package goal executes compile, testCompile, and test goals before packaging the build.

mvn install

This command builds the Maven project and installs the project files (JAR, WAR, pom.xml, etc.) to the local repository:

1. mvn install

 

Example of the output:

[INFO] — maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ maven-example-jar — … [INFO] — maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ maven-example-jar — … [INFO] — maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ maven-example-jar — … [INFO] — maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ maven-example-jar — … [INFO] — maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ maven-example-jar — … [INFO] — maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ maven-example-jar — … [INFO] — maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ maven-example-jar — [INFO] Installing /Users/sammy/Desktop/maven-examples/maven-example-jar/target/maven-example-jar-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to /Users/sammy/.m2/repository/com/example/maven/maven-example-jar/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-example-jar-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] Installing /Users/sammy/Desktop/maven-examples/maven-example-jar/pom.xml to /Users/sammy/.m2/repository/com/example/maven/maven-example-jar/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-example-jar-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom [INFO] ———————————————————————— [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

mvn deploy

This command deploys the artifact to the remote repository:

1. mvn deploy

 

The remote repository should be configured properly in the project pom.xml file distributionManagement tag. The server entries in the Maven settings.xml file are used to provide authentication details.

mvn validate

This command validates the Maven project to ensure that everything is correct and all the necessary information is available:

1. mvn validate

 

mvn dependency:tree

This command generates the dependency tree of the Maven project:

1. mvn dependency:tree

 

Example of the output:

[INFO] — maven-dependency-plugin:2.8:tree (default-cli) @ Mockito-Examples — [INFO] com.example.mockito:Mockito-Examples:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-runner:jar:1.2.0:test [INFO] | +- org.apiguardian:apiguardian-api:jar:1.0.0:test [INFO] | +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher:jar:1.2.0:test [INFO] | \- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-suite-api:jar:1.2.0:test [INFO] | \- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-commons:jar:1.2.0:test [INFO] +- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:jar:5.2.0:test [INFO] | +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-engine:jar:1.2.0:test [INFO] | | \- org.opentest4j:opentest4j:jar:1.1.0:test [INFO] | \- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:jar:5.2.0:test [INFO] +- org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:jar:2.19.0:test [INFO] | \- org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:2.19.0:test [INFO] | +- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:jar:1.8.10:test [INFO] | +- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy-agent:jar:1.8.10:test [INFO] | \- org.objenesis:objenesis:jar:2.6:test [INFO] \- org.testng:testng:jar:6.14.3:test [INFO] +- com.beust:jcommander:jar:1.72:test [INFO] \- org.apache-extras.beanshell:bsh:jar:2.0b6:test

mvn dependency:analyze

This command analyzes the maven project to identify the unused declared and used undeclared dependencies:

1. mvn dependency:analyze

 

Example of the output:

[INFO] — maven-dependency-plugin:2.8:analyze (default-cli) @ Mockito-Examples — [WARNING] Used undeclared dependencies found: [WARNING] org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:jar:5.2.0:test [WARNING] org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:2.19.0:test [WARNING] Unused declared dependencies found: [WARNING] org.junit.platform:junit-platform-runner:jar:1.2.0:test [WARNING] org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:jar:5.2.0:test [WARNING] org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:jar:2.19.0:test

It’s useful in reducing the build size by identifying the unused dependencies and removing them from the pom.xml file.

mvn archetype:generate

This command generates skeleton Maven projects of different types, such as JAR, web application, Maven site, etc:

1. mvn archetype:generate

 

Example of the output:

[INFO] —————————————————————————- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.4 [INFO] —————————————————————————- … [INFO] Project created from Archetype in dir: /Users/sammy/Desktop/maven-examples/maven-example-jar [INFO] ———————————————————————— [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

Recommended Reading: Creating a Java Project using Maven Archetypes

mvn site:site

This command generates a site for the project:

1. mvn site:site

 

You will notice a site directory in the target directory after executing this command.

/Users/sammy/Desktop/maven-examples/maven-example-jar/target/site/index.html

There will be multiple HTML files inside the site directory that provide information related to the project.

mvn test

This command runs the test cases of the project:

1. mvn test

 

Example of the output:

[INFO] ——————————————————- [INFO] T E S T S [INFO] ——————————————————- [INFO] Running TestSuite first-element second-element Employee setName Argument = Sammy … [INFO] Results: [INFO] [INFO] Tests run: 5, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0 [INFO] [INFO] ———————————————————————— [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

mvn compile

This command compiles the source Java classes of the project:

1. mvn compile

 

Example of the output:

[INFO] — maven-compiler-plugin:3.7.0:compile (default-compile) @ Mockito-Examples — [INFO] Changes detected – recompiling the module! [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Compiling 10 source files to /Users/sammy/Desktop/maven-examples/Mockito-Examples/target/classes

It is similar to the previous mvn compiler:compile command, but runs the entire Maven lifecycle up to compile.

mvn verify

This command builds the project, runs all the test cases and run any checks on the results of the integration tests to ensure quality criteria are met:

1. mvn verify

 

Maven Options

Maven provides a lot of command-line options to alter the Maven build process:

mvn -help

This command-line option prints the Maven usage and all the available options:

1. mvn -help

 

Example of the output:

usage: mvn [options] [<goal(s)>] [<phase(s)>] Options: -am,–also-make If project list is specified, also build projects required by the list -amd,–also-make-dependents If project list is specified, also build projects that depend on projects on the list -B,–batch-mode Run in non-interactive (batch) mode (disables output color) -b,–builder <arg> The id of the build strategy to use -C,–strict-checksums Fail the build if checksums don’t match -c,–lax-checksums Warn if checksums don’t match -cpu,–check-plugin-updates Ineffective, only kept for backward compatibility

mvn -f dir/pom.xml package

This command-line option builds a project from a different location:

1. mvn -f dir/pom.xml package

 

Provide the pom.xml file location to build the project. It’s useful when you have to run a Maven build from a script.

mvn -o package

This command-line option runs the Maven build in offline mode:

1. mvn -o package

 

It’s useful when you have all the required JARs downloaded in the local repository and you don’t want Maven to look for any JARs in the remote repository.

mvn -q package

This command-line option runs the Maven build in quiet mode, so that only the test case results and errors are displayed:

1. mvn -q package

 

mvn -X package

This command-line option prints the Maven version and runs the build in debug mode, so that all messages are displayed:

1. mvn -X package

 

Example of the output:

Apache Maven 3.6.3 (cecedd343002696d0abb50b32b541b8a6ba2883f) Maven home: /Users/sammy/Downloads/apache-maven-3.6.3 Java version: 13.0.1, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-13.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home Default locale: en_IN, platform encoding: UTF-8 OS name: “mac os x”, version: “10.15.1”, arch: “x86_64”, family: “mac” [DEBUG] Created new class realm maven.api [DEBUG] Importing foreign pacakges into class realm maven.api [DEBUG] Imported: javax.annotation.* < plexus.core [DEBUG] Imported: javax.annotation.security.* < plexus.core [DEBUG] Imported: javax.enterprise.inject.* < plexus.core [DEBUG] Imported: javax.enterprise.util.* < plexus.core [DEBUG] Imported: javax.inject.* < plexus.core

mvn -v

This command-line option displays the Maven version information:

1. mvn -v

 

Example of the output:

Apache Maven 3.6.3 (cecedd343002696d0abb50b32b541b8a6ba2883f) Maven home: /Users/sammy/Downloads/apache-maven-3.6.3 Java version: 13.0.1, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-13.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home Default locale: en_IN, platform encoding: UTF-8 OS name: “mac os x”, version: “10.15.1”, arch: “x86_64”, family: “mac”

mvn -V package

This command-line option prints the Maven version and then continues with the build:

1. mvn -V package

 

It’s equivalent to the commands:

1. mvn -v;mvn package

 

mvn -DskipTests package

This command-line option applies the skipTests system property to skip the unit test cases from the build cycle:

1. mvn -DskipTests package

 

You can also skip the test cases execution:

1. mvn -Dmaven.test.skip=true package

 

mvn -T 4 clean install

This command-line option tells Maven to run parallel builds using the specified thread count:

1. mvn -T 4 clean install

 

It’s useful in multiple module projects where modules can be built in parallel. It can reduce the build time of the project.

References

• Maven Plugins
• Maven CLI Options Reference