在 AWS 上使用 Ubuntu 14.04 配置 SSL（LetsEncrypt）
环境
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS（现在发言）
我正在使用AWS来运行这个。
一个已经存在的网站带有域名，在Apache2上运行。
设置安全组
打开TCP 443端口。
设定
使用 SSH 登录服务器，并获取 root 权限，然后进行 /etc/apache2 目录的配置。
ubuntu@www:~$ sudo bash
root@www:/mnt/xvdf/home/ubuntu# cd /etc/apache2
root@www:/etc/apache2# ls
apache2.conf conf-enabled magic ports.conf
conf-available envvars mods-available sites-available
conf.d httpd.conf mods-enabled sites-enabled
我会检查一下似乎是那样的ports.conf。
root@www:/etc/apache2# cat ports.conf
# If you just change the port or add more ports here, you will likely also
# have to change the VirtualHost statement in
# /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default
# This is also true if you have upgraded from before 2.2.9-3 (i.e. from
# Debian etch). See /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/NEWS.Debian.gz and
# README.Debian.gz
NameVirtualHost *:80
Listen 80
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
# If you add NameVirtualHost *:443 here, you will also have to change
# the VirtualHost statement in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl
# to <VirtualHost *:443>
# Server Name Indication for SSL named virtual hosts is currently not
# supported by MSIE on Windows XP.
Listen 443
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_gnutls.c>
Listen 443
</IfModule>
似乎需要mod_ssl.c。
root@www:/etc/apache2# ls mods-enabled/
access_compat.load autoindex.conf mime.conf rewrite.load
alias.conf autoindex.load mime.load setenvif.conf
alias.load cgi.load mpm_prefork.conf setenvif.load
auth_basic.load deflate.conf mpm_prefork.load status.conf
authn_core.load deflate.load negotiation.conf status.load
authn_file.load dir.conf negotiation.load userdir.conf
authz_core.load dir.load php5.conf userdir.load
authz_groupfile.load env.load php5.load
authz_host.load filter.load reqtimeout.conf
authz_user.load include.load reqtimeout.load
root@www:/etc/apache2# ls mods-available/
access_compat.load dialup.load proxy_balancer.conf
actions.conf dir.conf proxy_balancer.load
actions.load dir.load proxy.conf
alias.conf disk_cache.conf proxy_connect.load
alias.load disk_cache.load proxy_express.load
allowmethods.load dump_io.load proxy_fcgi.load
asis.load echo.load proxy_fdpass.load
auth_basic.load env.load proxy_ftp.conf
auth_digest.load expires.load proxy_ftp.load
auth_form.load ext_filter.load proxy_html.load
authn_alias.load file_cache.load proxy_http.load
authn_anon.load filter.load proxy.load
authn_core.load headers.load proxy_scgi.load
authn_dbd.load heartbeat.load proxy_wstunnel.load
authn_dbm.load heartmonitor.load ratelimit.load
authn_default.load ident.load reflector.load
authn_file.load imagemap.load remoteip.load
authn_socache.load include.load reqtimeout.conf
authnz_ldap.load info.conf reqtimeout.load
authz_core.load info.load request.load
authz_dbd.load lbmethod_bybusyness.load rewrite.load
authz_dbm.load lbmethod_byrequests.load sed.load
authz_default.load lbmethod_bytraffic.load session_cookie.load
authz_groupfile.load lbmethod_heartbeat.load session_crypto.load
authz_host.load ldap.conf session_dbd.load
authz_owner.load ldap.load session.load
authz_user.load log_debug.load setenvif.conf
autoindex.conf log_forensic.load setenvif.load
autoindex.load lua.load slotmem_plain.load
buffer.load macro.load slotmem_shm.load
cache_disk.conf mem_cache.conf socache_dbm.load
cache_disk.load mem_cache.load socache_memcache.load
cache.load mime.conf socache_shmcb.load
cache_socache.load mime.load speling.load
cern_meta.load mime_magic.conf ssl.conf
cgid.conf mime_magic.load ssl.load
cgid.load mpm_event.conf status.conf
cgi.load mpm_event.load status.load
charset_lite.load mpm_prefork.conf substitute.load
data.load mpm_prefork.load suexec.load
dav_fs.conf mpm_worker.conf unique_id.load
dav_fs.load mpm_worker.load userdir.conf
dav.load negotiation.conf userdir.load
dav_lock.load negotiation.load usertrack.load
dbd.load php5.conf version.load
deflate.conf php5.load vhost_alias.load
deflate.load proxy_ajp.load xml2enc.load
根据SSL模块似乎已可用的情况，我们将启用它。
root@www:/etc/apache2# a2enmod ssl
Enabling module ssl.
See /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz on how to configure SSL and create self-signed certificates.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
service apache2 restart
将apache2重新启动。
root@www:/etc/apache2# a2enmod ssl2
ERROR: Module ssl2 does not exist!
root@www:/etc/apache2# service apache2 restart
* Restarting web server apache2 [fail]
* The apache2 configtest failed.
Output of config test was:
AH00526: Syntax error on line 43 of /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/ssl.conf:
SSLSessionCache: 'shmcb' session cache not supported (known names: ). Maybe you need to load the appropriate socache module (mod_socache_shmcb?).
Action 'configtest' failed.
The Apache error log may have more information.
发生了错误。由于这个配置文件是从古代就一直继承下来的，所以也需要修复。因为被指定需要使用mod_socache_shmcb，所以我们将安装它。
root@www:/etc/apache2# a2enmod socache_shmcb
Enabling module socache_shmcb.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
service apache2 restart
重新启动Apache2。
root@www:/etc/apache2# a2enmod socache_shmcb
Enabling module socache_shmcb.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
service apache2 restart
root@www:/etc/apache2# service apache2 restart
* Restarting web server apache2 [fail]
* The apache2 configtest failed.
Output of config test was:
AH00526: Syntax error on line 49 of /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/ssl.conf:
Invalid command 'SSLMutex', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration
Action 'configtest' failed.
The Apache error log may have more information.
这次请编辑/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/ssl.conf文件。
SSLMutex file:${APACHE_RUN_DIR}/ssl_mutex
将以下部分改述为中文，只需要一个选项：
の箇所を
将这部分改为中文
Mutex default ssl-cache
我们会遵循这个方案。
root@www:/etc/apache2# service apache2 restart
* Restarting web server apache2
AH00548: NameVirtualHost has no effect and will be removed in the next release /etc/apache2/ports.conf:8
[ OK ]
有所动作。现在使用https://访问网站时会出现证书错误。因此接下来需要安装证书。
让我们加密证书
据说，在16.04版本中可以通过apt-get命令进行安装，而在14.04版本则不行。
root@www:/etc/apache2# apt-get install letsencrypt python-letsencrypt-apache
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package letsencrypt
E: Unable to locate package python-letsencrypt-apache
好像没有的样子。
# apt-get install software-properties-common
# add-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbot
# apt-get update
# apt-get install python-certbot-apache
以安装为例。
执行。
root@www:/etc/apache2# letsencrypt --apache
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator apache, Installer apache
Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to
cancel): nanbuwks+letsencrypt@nanbu.com
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
agree in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(A)gree/(C)ancel: a
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work
encrypting the web, EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: Y
Which names would you like to activate HTTPS for?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1: www.example.net
2: www.example.com
3: www.example.org
4: www.nanbu.com
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate numbers separated by commas and/or spaces, or leave input
blank to select all options shown (Enter 'c' to cancel): 4
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for www.nanbu.com
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
Created an SSL vhost at /etc/apache2/sites-available/nanbu-le-ssl.conf
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /etc/apache2/sites-available/nanbu-le-ssl.conf
Enabling available site: /etc/apache2/sites-available/nanbu-le-ssl.conf
Please choose whether or not to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, removing HTTP access.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1: No redirect - Make no further changes to the webserver configuration.
2: Redirect - Make all requests redirect to secure HTTPS access. Choose this for
new sites, or if you're confident your site works on HTTPS. You can undo this
change by editing your web server's configuration.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 1
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Congratulations! You have successfully enabled https://www.nanbu.com
You should test your configuration at:
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=www.nanbu.com
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/www.nanbu.com/fullchain.pem
Your key file has been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/www.nanbu.com/privkey.pem
Your cert will expire on 2019-03-02. To obtain a new or tweaked
version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot again
with the "certonly" option. To non-interactively renew *all* of
your certificates, run "certbot renew"
- Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
- If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
root@www:/etc/apache2#
这之后，添加https://并访问网站就能顺利浏览。
额外 ACM (AWS 证书管理器)
由于可以免费使用，所以我试了一下。
选择DNS认证，并进行证书发行工作。
因此，我们会稍微等待一下，如以下所示。
经过一个晚上，情况变成了以下这样。
我考虑将这个加载到服务器并进行设置，但似乎无法进行文件输出，只能通过ELB等方式使用。虽然可以引入ELB，但我希望能够进行更简单的设置，所以我改变了标题的方法。
