package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "os/exec"
    "strings"
)

func getstatusoutput(args ...string) (status int, output string) {
    exec_command := exec.Command(args[0], args[1:]...)
    std_out, std_err := exec_command.Output()
    status = exec_command.ProcessState.ExitCode()
    if std_err != nil {
        output = std_err.Error()
    } else {
        output = string(std_out)
    }
    return
}

func main() {
    // command := []string{"echo", "-n", "HelloWorld"}
    command_line := "echo  -n   HelloWorld"
    command := strings.Fields(command_line)
    shell := os.Getenv("SHELL")
    status, output := getstatusoutput(command...)
    fmt.Printf("--- Result ---------------\n")
    fmt.Printf("Shell        : %s\n", shell)
    fmt.Printf("Command      : %s\n", command)
    fmt.Printf("StatusCode   : %d\n", status)
    fmt.Printf("ResultMessage: %s\n", output)
    fmt.Printf("--------------------------\n")

}

结果

--- Result ---------------
Shell        : /bin/bash
Command      : [echo -n HelloWorld]
StatusCode   : 0
ResultMessage: HelloWorld
--------------------------

故意让其失败 (gu yi rang qi shi bai)

--- Result ---------------
Shell        : /bin/bash
Command      : [echa -n HelloWorld]
StatusCode   : -1
ResultMessage: exec: "echa": executable file not found in $PATH
--------------------------

请参照以下内容。

包 exec
https://golang.org/pkg/os/exec/

如何在Go中执行命令并获取退出代码的方法
https://qiita.com/hnakamur/items/5e6f22bda8334e190f63

在Golang中，如何将错误转换为字符串？(https://www.systutorials.com/in-golang-how-to-convert-an-error-to-a-string/)