Hibernate原生SQL查询示例的例子
欢迎来到Hibernate原生SQL查询示例教程。之前我们已经介绍了Hibernate查询语言和Hibernate Criteria，今天我们将通过示例来学习Hibernate原生SQL查询。
Hibernate SQL 查询
通过使用SQLQuery对象，Hibernate提供了执行本地SQL查询的选项。当我们需要执行不被Hibernate API支持的特定于数据库供应商的查询时，Hibernate SQL查询非常方便。例如，在Oracle数据库中使用查询提示或CONNECT关键字。对于正常情况，不推荐使用Hibernate SQL查询，因为我们会失去与Hibernate关联和Hibernate一级缓存相关的好处。我将使用MySQL数据库，并使用与HQL示例相同的表和数据设置，请您先查看HQL示例以了解表和对应的模型类映射。
Hibernate原生SQL示例
对于Hibernate原生SQL查询，我们使用Session.createSQLQuery(String query)创建SQLQuery对象并执行它。例如，如果你想从Employee表中读取所有记录，可以通过以下代码实现。
// Prep work
SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
// Get All Employees
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
SQLQuery query = session.createSQLQuery("select emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary from Employee");
List<Object[]> rows = query.list();
for(Object[] row : rows){
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.setId(Long.parseLong(row[0].toString()));
emp.setName(row[1].toString());
emp.setSalary(Double.parseDouble(row[2].toString()));
System.out.println(emp);
}
当我们对我们拥有的数据进行上述代码的执行时，它会产生以下输出结果。
Hibernate: select emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary from Employee
Id= 1, Name= Pankaj, Salary= 100.0, {Address= null}
Id= 2, Name= David, Salary= 200.0, {Address= null}
Id= 3, Name= Lisa, Salary= 300.0, {Address= null}
Id= 4, Name= Jack, Salary= 400.0, {Address= null}
请注意，list()方法返回的是对象数组的列表，我们需要明确地将它们解析为double、long等类型。我们的Employee和Address类的toString()方法实现如下。
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Id= " + id + ", Name= " + name + ", Salary= " + salary
+ ", {Address= " + address + "}";
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "AddressLine1= " + addressLine1 + ", City=" + city
+ ", Zipcode=" + zipcode;
}
注意到我们的查询未返回地址数据，而如果我们使用HQL查询”from Employee”，它还会返回关联表数据。
使用Hibernate的SQL查询添加addScalar方法。
Hibernate使用ResultSetMetadata来推断查询返回的列的类型，从性能的角度来看，我们可以使用addScalar()方法来定义列的数据类型。然而，我们仍然会以对象数组的形式获取数据。
//Get All Employees - addScalar example
query = session.createSQLQuery("select emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary from Employee")
.addScalar("emp_id", new LongType())
.addScalar("emp_name", new StringType())
.addScalar("emp_salary", new DoubleType());
rows = query.list();
for(Object[] row : rows){
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.setId(Long.parseLong(row[0].toString()));
emp.setName(row[1].toString());
emp.setSalary(Double.parseDouble(row[2].toString()));
System.out.println(emp);
}
当数据巨大时，生成的输出结果将会相同，但我们将会看到轻微的性能改善。
使用Hibernate原生SQL查询多个表
如果我们想从员工表和地址表中获取数据，我们可以简单地编写SQL查询并解析结果集。
query = session.createSQLQuery("select e.emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary,address_line1, city,
zipcode from Employee e, Address a where a.emp_id=e.emp_id");
rows = query.list();
for(Object[] row : rows){
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.setId(Long.parseLong(row[0].toString()));
emp.setName(row[1].toString());
emp.setSalary(Double.parseDouble(row[2].toString()));
Address address = new Address();
address.setAddressLine1(row[3].toString());
address.setCity(row[4].toString());
address.setZipcode(row[5].toString());
emp.setAddress(address);
System.out.println(emp);
}
对于上述代码，产生的输出将会如下。
Hibernate: select e.emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary,address_line1, city, zipcode from Employee e, Address a where a.emp_id=e.emp_id
Id= 1, Name= Pankaj, Salary= 100.0, {Address= AddressLine1= Albany Dr, City=San Jose, Zipcode=95129}
Id= 2, Name= David, Salary= 200.0, {Address= AddressLine1= Arques Ave, City=Santa Clara, Zipcode=95051}
Id= 3, Name= Lisa, Salary= 300.0, {Address= AddressLine1= BTM 1st Stage, City=Bangalore, Zipcode=560100}
Id= 4, Name= Jack, Salary= 400.0, {Address= AddressLine1= City Centre, City=New Delhi, Zipcode=100100}
Hibernate本地SQL实体和连接
我们还可以使用addEntity()和addJoin()方法通过表联接从关联表中获取数据。例如，可以按以下方式检索上述数据。
//Join example with addEntity and addJoin
query = session.createSQLQuery("select {e.*}, {a.*} from Employee e join Address a ON e.emp_id=a.emp_id")
.addEntity("e",Employee.class)
.addJoin("a","e.address");
rows = query.list();
for (Object[] row : rows) {
for(Object obj : row) {
System.out.print(obj + "::");
}
System.out.println("\n");
}
//Above join returns both Employee and Address Objects in the array
for (Object[] row : rows) {
Employee e = (Employee) row[0];
System.out.println("Employee Info::"+e);
Address a = (Address) row[1];
System.out.println("Address Info::"+a);
}
使用`{[aliasname].*}`可以返回实体的所有属性。当我们在上述类似的联接查询中使用addEntity()和addJoin()时，它会返回两个对象，如上所示。上述代码生成的输出如下所示。
Hibernate: select e.emp_id as emp_id1_1_0_, e.emp_name as emp_name2_1_0_, e.emp_salary as emp_sala3_1_0_, a.emp_id as emp_id1_0_1_, a.address_line1 as address_2_0_1_, a.city as city3_0_1_, a.zipcode as zipcode4_0_1_ from Employee e join Address a ON e.emp_id=a.emp_id
Id= 1, Name= Pankaj, Salary= 100.0, {Address= AddressLine1= Albany Dr, City=San Jose, Zipcode=95129}::AddressLine1= Albany Dr, City=San Jose, Zipcode=95129::
Id= 2, Name= David, Salary= 200.0, {Address= AddressLine1= Arques Ave, City=Santa Clara, Zipcode=95051}::AddressLine1= Arques Ave, City=Santa Clara, Zipcode=95051::
Id= 3, Name= Lisa, Salary= 300.0, {Address= AddressLine1= BTM 1st Stage, City=Bangalore, Zipcode=560100}::AddressLine1= BTM 1st Stage, City=Bangalore, Zipcode=560100::
Id= 4, Name= Jack, Salary= 400.0, {Address= AddressLine1= City Centre, City=New Delhi, Zipcode=100100}::AddressLine1= City Centre, City=New Delhi, Zipcode=100100::
Employee Info::Id= 1, Name= Pankaj, Salary= 100.0, {Address= AddressLine1= Albany Dr, City=San Jose, Zipcode=95129}
Address Info::AddressLine1= Albany Dr, City=San Jose, Zipcode=95129
Employee Info::Id= 2, Name= David, Salary= 200.0, {Address= AddressLine1= Arques Ave, City=Santa Clara, Zipcode=95051}
Address Info::AddressLine1= Arques Ave, City=Santa Clara, Zipcode=95051
Employee Info::Id= 3, Name= Lisa, Salary= 300.0, {Address= AddressLine1= BTM 1st Stage, City=Bangalore, Zipcode=560100}
Address Info::AddressLine1= BTM 1st Stage, City=Bangalore, Zipcode=560100
Employee Info::Id= 4, Name= Jack, Salary= 400.0, {Address= AddressLine1= City Centre, City=New Delhi, Zipcode=100100}
Address Info::AddressLine1= City Centre, City=New Delhi, Zipcode=100100
你可以在MySQL客户端运行这两个查询，注意到产生的输出结果是相同的。
mysql> select e.emp_id as emp_id1_1_0_, e.emp_name as emp_name2_1_0_, e.emp_salary as emp_sala3_1_0_, a.emp_id as emp_id1_0_1_, a.address_line1 as address_2_0_1_, a.city as city3_0_1_, a.zipcode as zipcode4_0_1_ from Employee e join Address a ON e.emp_id=a.emp_id;
+--------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------+---------------+
| emp_id1_1_0_ | emp_name2_1_0_ | emp_sala3_1_0_ | emp_id1_0_1_ | address_2_0_1_ | city3_0_1_ | zipcode4_0_1_ |
+--------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------+---------------+
| 1 | Pankaj | 100 | 1 | Albany Dr | San Jose | 95129 |
| 2 | David | 200 | 2 | Arques Ave | Santa Clara | 95051 |
| 3 | Lisa | 300 | 3 | BTM 1st Stage | Bangalore | 560100 |
| 4 | Jack | 400 | 4 | City Centre | New Delhi | 100100 |
+--------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select e.emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary,address_line1, city, zipcode from Employee e, Address a where a.emp_id=e.emp_id;
+--------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+---------+
| emp_id | emp_name | emp_salary | address_line1 | city | zipcode |
+--------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+---------+
| 1 | Pankaj | 100 | Albany Dr | San Jose | 95129 |
| 2 | David | 200 | Arques Ave | Santa Clara | 95051 |
| 3 | Lisa | 300 | BTM 1st Stage | Bangalore | 560100 |
| 4 | Jack | 400 | City Centre | New Delhi | 100100 |
+--------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
使用具有参数的 Hibernate 原生 SQL 查询
我们也可以像JDBC PreparedStatement一样向Hibernate SQL查询传递参数。可以使用名称和索引来设置参数，如下面的例子所示。
query = session
.createSQLQuery("select emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary from Employee where emp_id = ?");
List<Object[]> empData = query.setLong(0, 1L).list();
for (Object[] row : empData) {
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.setId(Long.parseLong(row[0].toString()));
emp.setName(row[1].toString());
emp.setSalary(Double.parseDouble(row[2].toString()));
System.out.println(emp);
}
query = session
.createSQLQuery("select emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary from Employee where emp_id = :id");
empData = query.setLong("id", 2L).list();
for (Object[] row : empData) {
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.setId(Long.parseLong(row[0].toString()));
emp.setName(row[1].toString());
emp.setSalary(Double.parseDouble(row[2].toString()));
System.out.println(emp);
}
上述代码产生的输出将是：
Hibernate: select emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary from Employee where emp_id = ?
Id= 1, Name= Pankaj, Salary= 100.0, {Address= null}
Hibernate: select emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary from Employee where emp_id = ?
Id= 2, Name= David, Salary= 200.0, {Address= null}
这就是对Hibernate SQL查询的简要介绍，除非要执行特定于数据库的查询，否则应避免使用它。
