Python f-strings 即 PEP 498 – 字符串插值
Python f-strings or formatted strings are a new method for string formatting. This functionality was introduced in Python 3.6 through PEP-498, also known as literal string interpolation.
我们为什么需要f-strings?
Python提供了多种格式化字符串的方法。让我们快速浏览一下它们以及它们可能遇到的问题。
- % formatting – great for simple formatting but limited support for strings, ints, doubles only. We can’t use it with objects.
- Template Strings – it’s very basic. Template strings work with keyword arguments like dictionary only. We are not allowed to call any function and arguments must be strings.
- String format() – Python String format() function was introduced to overcome the issues and limited features of %-formatting and template strings. However, it’s too verbose. Let’s look at its verbosity with a simple example.
>>> age = 4 * 10
>>> ‘My age is {age}.’.format(age=age)
‘My age is 40.’
Python f-strings和format函数几乎类似,但是去除了format函数的冗长性。让我们看看如何使用f-strings轻松地格式化上述字符串。
>>> f'My age is {age}'
'My age is 40.'
Python f-strings 是为了在字符串格式化时提供最简化的语法而引入的。这些表达式在运行时被求值。如果你使用的是 Python 3.6 或更高版本,你应该使用 f-strings 来满足你所有的字符串格式化需求。
Python f字符串示例
让我们来看一个关于f-strings的简单例子。
name = 'Pankaj'
age = 34
f_string = f'My Name is {name} and my age is {age}'
print(f_string)
print(F'My Name is {name} and my age is {age}') # f and F are same
name = 'David'
age = 40
# f_string is already evaluated and won't change now
print(f_string)
输出:
My Name is Pankaj and my age is 34
My Name is Pankaj and my age is 34
My Name is Pankaj and my age is 34
Python逐句执行语句,一旦f-string表达式被评估,即使表达式值发生变化,它们也不会改变。这就是为什么在上述代码片段中,即使在程序的后半部分’姓名’和’年龄’变量已经改变,f_string的值仍然保持不变。
1. 表达式和转换的f-strings
我们可以使用 f-strings 将日期时间转换为特定的格式。我们还可以在 f-strings 中运行数学表达式。
from datetime import datetime
name = 'David'
age = 40
d = datetime.now()
print(f'Age after five years will be {age+5}') # age = 40
print(f'Name with quotes = {name!r}') # name = David
print(f'Default Formatted Date = {d}')
print(f'Custom Formatted Date = {d:%m/%d/%Y}')
输出:以汉语本土方式改述.
Age after five years will be 45
Name with quotes = 'David'
Default Formatted Date = 2018-10-10 11:47:12.818831
Custom Formatted Date = 10/10/2018
2. f-strings 支持原始字符串。
我们也可以使用 f-strings 来创建原始字符串。
print(f'Default Formatted Date:\n{d}')
print(fr'Default Formatted Date:\n {d}')
输出:通过系统检查,我们发现有一些问题需要解决。
Default Formatted Date:
2018-10-10 11:47:12.818831
Default Formatted Date:\n 2018-10-10 11:47:12.818831
3. 使用对象和属性的f-strings
我们也可以在 f-strings 中访问对象属性。
class Employee:
id = 0
name = ''
def __init__(self, i, n):
self.id = i
self.name = n
def __str__(self):
return f'E[id={self.id}, name={self.name}]'
emp = Employee(10, 'Pankaj')
print(emp)
print(f'Employee: {emp}\nName is {emp.name} and id is {emp.id}')
输出:
E[id=10, name=Pankaj]
Employee: E[id=10, name=Pankaj]
Name is Pankaj and id is 10
4. 使用f字符串调用函数
我们可以在 f-strings 格式化中调用函数。
def add(x, y):
return x + y
print(f'Sum(10,20) = {add(10, 20)}')
输出:求和(10,20)= 30
5. 带空格的f字符串.
如果表达式中包含前导或尾随空格,则会被忽略。如果文字字符串部分包含空格,则会保留它们。
>>> age = 4 * 20
>>> f' Age = { age } '
' Age = 80 '
6. 使用f-字符串的Lambda表达式 xǔ f-zífù de Lambda- 表达式)
我们也可以在f-string表达式中使用lambda表达式。
x = -20.45
print(f'Lambda Example: {(lambda x: abs(x)) (x)}')
print(f'Lambda Square Example: {(lambda x: pow(x, 2)) (5)}')
结果:
Lambda Example: 20.45
Lambda Square Example: 25
7. f-字符串的其他例子
让我们看一些Python f-strings的其他例子。
print(f'{"quoted string"}')
print(f'{{ {4*10} }}')
print(f'{{{4*10}}}')
输出:
quoted string
{ 40 }
{40}
关于 Python 格式化字符串,也就是 f-strings,就是这些了。
你可以从我们的GitHub代码库中查看完整的Python脚本和更多的Python示例。
参考文献:PEP-498,官方文档。