从源代码中安装最新版本的 PostgreSQL 12.x 到 Cent OS 8

2 年 ago

文, 翔

4 minutes

首先

在通过”最低限的安装”方式安装的CentOS-8.1.1911-x86_64环境中，我们将从源代码安装最新版本的PostgreSQL12.x。

整个操作系统的更新

dnf -y update

安装必要的软件

dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget tar zlib-devel readline-devel

安装PostgreSQL

请以root权限进行操作。

创建用户

创建一个名为 “postgres” 的用户，用于编译和执行 PostgreSQL。

useradd postgres
passwd postgres

下载源代码。

cd /usr/local/src/
wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.2/postgresql-12.2.tar.gz

进行

tar xzf postgresql-12.2.tar.gz

更换所有者

chown -R postgres /usr/local/src/postgresql-12.2

创建安装目录（同时设定所有者）

mkdir /usr/local/pgsql12.2
chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql12.2

创建符号链接

ln -s /usr/local/pgsql12.2 /usr/local/pgsql

解除方法在这里。
解除方法请参考这里。
请点击这里查看解除方法。

unlink /usr/local/pgsql

切换用户并移动目录。

su - postgres
cd /usr/local/src/postgresql-12.2

创建Makefile

我正在指定安装路径。

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql

编译和安装

make
make install

设置环境变量

vi ~/.bash_profile

将以下内容写在底部并保存。

export PATH="$PATH":/usr/local/pgsql/bin 
export POSTGRES_HOME=/usr/local/pgsql 
export PGLIB=$POSTGRES_HOME/lib 
export PGDATA=$POSTGRES_HOME/data 
export MANPATH="$MANPATH":$POSTGRES_HOME/man 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH":"$PGLIB"

环境变量的应用

. ~/.bash_profile

将数据库进行初始化

initdb --no-locale

编辑设置文件

postgresql.conf 是 PostgreSQL 数据库的配置文件。

vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf

リモートアクセス可能にする。
#listen_addresses = 'localhost'
↓
listen_addresses = '*'

明示的にポートを指定する。
#port = 5432
↓
port = 5432

ログを有効にする。
#logging_collector = off
↓
logging_collector = on

ログのファイル名を変更する。
#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'
↓
log_filename = 'postgresql-%d.log'

#log_line_prefix = ''
↓
log_line_prefix = '%t [%p] '

pg_hba.conf可以进行重写为：汇编.hba配置文件。

vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf

请指定listen_addresses的范围。
以下是一个示例，请根据您的环境进行相应调整。

host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust
↓
host    all             all             192.168.1.0/24          trust

启动

pg_ctl start -w

创建DB管理用户

createuser -s -d -r -P pgsa

确认创建的用户

psql -U postgres
\du

[postgres@localhost postgresql-12.2]$ psql -U postgres
psql (12.2)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \du
                                   List of roles
 Role name |                         Attributes                         | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 pgsa      | Superuser, Create role, Create DB                          | {}
 postgres  | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}

用”结束”来表示结束

防火墙的设置

请以 root 权限进行设置。

su -

firewall-cmd --add-service=postgresql --zone=public --permanent
systemctl restart firewalld

SELinux的配置

setsebool -P postgresql_can_rsync on
setsebool -P postgresql_selinux_transmit_client_label on
setsebool -P selinuxuser_postgresql_connect_enabled on

确认

getsebool -a | grep postgresql

postgresql_can_rsync --> on
postgresql_selinux_transmit_client_label --> on
postgresql_selinux_unconfined_dbadm --> on
postgresql_selinux_users_ddl --> on
selinuxuser_postgresql_connect_enabled --> on

自动启动设置

创建服务定义文件。

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service

# It's not recommended to modify this file in-place, because it will be
# overwritten during package upgrades.  If you want to customize, the
# best way is to create a file "/etc/systemd/system/postgresql.service",
# containing
#   .include /lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service
#   ...make your changes here...
# For more info about custom unit files, see
# http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd#How_do_I_customize_a_unit_file.2F_add_a_custom_unit_file.3F

# For example, if you want to change the server's port number to 5433,
# create a file named "/etc/systemd/system/postgresql.service" containing:
#   .include /lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service
#   [Service]
#   Environment=PGPORT=5433
# This will override the setting appearing below.

# Note: changing PGPORT or PGDATA will typically require adjusting SELinux
# configuration as well; see /usr/share/doc/postgresql-*/README.rpm-dist.

# Note: do not use a PGDATA pathname containing spaces, or you will
# break postgresql-setup.

# Note: in F-17 and beyond, /usr/lib/... is recommended in the .include line
# though /lib/... will still work.

[Unit]
Description=PostgreSQL database server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

User=postgres
Group=postgres

# Port number for server to listen on
Environment=PGPORT=5432

# Location of database directory
Environment=PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/data

# Where to send early-startup messages from the server (before the logging
# options of postgresql.conf take effect)
# This is normally controlled by the global default set by systemd
# StandardOutput=syslog

# Disable OOM kill on the postmaster
OOMScoreAdjust=-1000

#ExecStartPre=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgresql-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} <=このモジュールは存在しないのでコメント
ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -o "-p ${PGPORT}" -w -t 300
ExecStop=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl stop -D ${PGDATA} -s -m fast
ExecReload=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl reload -D ${PGDATA} -s

# Give a reasonable amount of time for the server to start up/shut down
TimeoutSec=300

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

自动启动执行

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable postgresql

确认行动

systemctl status postgresql

● postgresql.service - PostgreSQL database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-05-09 07:45:17 EDT; 28s ago
  Process: 1103 ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -o -p ${PGPORT} -w -t 300 (code=exited, sta>
 Main PID: 1144 (postgres)
    Tasks: 8 (limit: 23922)
   Memory: 19.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql.service
           ├─1144 /usr/local/pgsql12.2/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -p 5432
           ├─1422 postgres: logger
           ├─1483 postgres: checkpointer
           ├─1484 postgres: background writer
           ├─1485 postgres: walwriter
           ├─1486 postgres: autovacuum launcher
           ├─1487 postgres: stats collector
           └─1488 postgres: logical replication launcher

首先