使用Django创建一个简单的博客网站的步骤
首先
由于在Django兄弟的教程中学习了Django，所以我将总结一下使用Django创建一个简单的博客网站的步骤。
Django的发展趋势
创建虚拟环境并安装Django。
$ mkdir DjangoBros
$ cd DjangoBros
DjangoBros $ python3 -m venv djangobros_venv
DjangoBros $ source djangobros_venv/bin/activate
(djangobros_venv) DjangoBros $ pip install --upgrade pip
(djangobros_venv) DjangoBros $ pip install django
(djangorbos_venv) DjangoBros $ deactivate
建立一个项目
DjangoBros $ source djangobros_venv/bin/activate
(djangobros_venv) DjangoBros $ django-admin startproject django_blog
(djangobros_venv) DjangoBros $ cd django_blog
(djangobros_venv) django_blog $ python manage.py runserver
改变设置
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'ja-JP'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Tokyo'
迁移/移民
(djangobros_venv) django_blog $ python manage.py migrate
创建一个应用程序
(djangobros_venv) django_blog $ python manage.py startapp blogs
将应用程序注册到项目中的settings.py文件
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'blogs',
]
模板
(djangobros_venv) blogs $ mkdir templates
(djangobros_venv) blogs $ cd templates
(djangobros_venv) templates $ mkdir blogs
(djangobros_venv) templates $ cd blogs
(djangobros_venv) templates $ touch index.html
视图.py
from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
return render(request, 'blogs/index.html')
让django_blogs项目的urls.py文件读取blogs应用程序的urls.py文件。
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', include('blogs.urls')),
]
blogs应用的urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = 'blogs'
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index, name='index'),
]
创建数据库
模型.py
from django.db import models
class Blog(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(blank=False, null=False, max_length=150)
text = models.TextField(blank=True)
created_datetime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
updated_datetime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
迁移
迁居
移居
迁移 refers to the act of moving or relocating, often used to describe migration on a larger scale, such as the migration of a population or group.
迁居 and 移居 both specifically refer to the act of migrating or relocating one’s residence or living place.
django_blog $ python manage.py makemigrations
django_blog $ python manage.py migrate
创建管理员页面
django_blog $ python manage.py createsuperuser
django/blogs/admin.py 的中文改写如下：
django/博客/管理后台.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Blog
class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('id', 'title', 'created_datetime', 'updated_datetime')
list_display_links = ('id', 'title')
admin.site.register(Blog, BlogAdmin)
访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin
操作数据库
操作练习，指令示例。
$ python manage.py shell
from blogs.models import Blog
Blog.objects.all()
Blog.objects.get(id=1)
Blog.objects.filter(title__contains="Django")
Blog.objects.order_by('id')
Blog.objects.order_by('-id')
Blog.objects.filter(title__contains="Django").order_by('-id')
Blog.objects.create(title="コマンドから作られたブログ", text="createメソッドでブログを作ってみました。")
blog = Blog.objects.get(id=1)
blog.title
blogs = Blog.objects.all()
blogs[0].text
用HTML来显示查询结果集。
视图.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Blog
def index(request):
blogs = Blog.objects.order_by('-created_datetime')
return render(request, 'blogs/index.html', {'blogs': blogs})
首页.html
<h1>ブログサイト</h1>
<p>ここはトップページです。</p>
{% for blog in blogs %}
{{ blog.title }}
{% endfor %}
如果写得正确的话
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ブログ管理サイト</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">My Blog</h1>
<div style="width: 70%;margin: 0px auto;">
<hr />
{% for blog in blogs %}
<div>
<h3>{{ blog.title }}</h3>
<div>{{ blog.text | truncatechars:100 }}</div>
</div>
<hr />
{% endfor %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
创建详细页面
添加到详细页面的链接
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ブログ管理サイト</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">My Blog</h1>
<div style="width: 70%;margin: 0px auto;">
<hr />
{% for blog in blogs %}
<div>
<h3>{{ blog.title }}</h3>
<div>{{ blog.text | truncatechars:100 }}</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<a href="{% url 'blogs:detail' blog_id=blog.id %}">記事を読む</a>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
{% endfor %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
urls.py 的中文意思是网址.py。
from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = 'blogs'
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index, name='index'),
path('detail/<int:blog_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
]
视图.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Blog
・・・
def detail(request, blog_id):
blog = Blog.objects.get(id=blog_id)
return render(request, 'blogs/detail.html', {'blog': blog})
模板/详细.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ブログアプリ</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">{{ blog.title }}</h1>
<div style="width: 70%;margin: 0px auto;">
<div>
<div style="margin: 60px 20px;">
{{ blog.text }}
</div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 50px">
<a href="{% url 'blogs:index' %}">トップページに戻る</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
