将Java读取文件并转换为字符串
有时在处理文件时,我们需要将文件读取为Java中的字符串。今天我们将探讨多种将文件读取为字符串的方法。
将Java中读取文件并转换为字符串的操作。
在Java中,有许多将文件读取为字符串的方法。在本教程中,我们将探讨以下几种方法。
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- 使用BufferedReader将Java文件读取为字符串
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- 使用FileInputStream将文件读取为Java字符串
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- 使用Files类将Java文件读取为字符串
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- 使用Scanner类将文件读取为字符串
- 使用Apache Commons IO FileUtils类将Java文件读取为字符串
使用BufferedReader从Java中读取文件并转换为字符串
我们可以使用 BufferedReader 的 readLine 方法逐行读取文件。我们只需要将这些行逐行追加到一个 StringBuilder 对象中,并加上换行符。以下是使用 BufferedReader 将文件读取为字符串的代码片段。
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName));
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
String line = null;
String ls = System.getProperty("line.separator");
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
stringBuilder.append(line);
stringBuilder.append(ls);
}
// delete the last new line separator
stringBuilder.deleteCharAt(stringBuilder.length() - 1);
reader.close();
String content = stringBuilder.toString();
使用 BufferedReader 和字符数组, 有另一种高效的方法将文件读取为字符串。
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName));
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
char[] buffer = new char[10];
while (reader.read(buffer) != -1) {
stringBuilder.append(new String(buffer));
buffer = new char[10];
}
reader.close();
String content = stringBuilder.toString();
使用FileInputStream在Java中将文件读取为字符串。
我们可以使用FileInputStream和字节数组来将文件读取为字符串。你应该使用这种方法来读取非字符型的文件,比如图片、视频等。
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fileName);
byte[] buffer = new byte[10];
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while (fis.read(buffer) != -1) {
sb.append(new String(buffer));
buffer = new byte[10];
}
fis.close();
String content = sb.toString();
使用Files类将Java读取文件到字符串
我们可以使用Files实用类,在一行代码中将所有文件内容读取为字符串。
String content = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(fileName)));
使用Scanner类将文件读取为字符串
Scanner类是在Java中快速读取文本文件并转化为字符串的方法。
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(Paths.get(fileName), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
String content = scanner.useDelimiter("\\A").next();
scanner.close();
使用Apache Commons IO FileUtils类,将Java读取文件为字符串。
如果您正在项目中使用Apache Commons IO,那么这是一种在Java中将文件读取为字符串的简单快捷方法。
String content = FileUtils.readFileToString(new File(fileName), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
Java读取文件并将其转换为字符串的例子
这里是最终的程序,具备适当的异常处理和显示将文件读取为字符串的各种方式。
package com.Olivia.files;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.Scanner;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
public class JavaReadFileToString {
/**
* This class shows different ways to read complete file contents to String
*
* @param args
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String fileName = "/Users/scdev/Downloads/myfile.txt";
String contents = readUsingScanner(fileName);
System.out.println("*****Read File to String Using Scanner*****\n" + contents);
contents = readUsingApacheCommonsIO(fileName);
System.out.println("*****Read File to String Using Apache Commons IO FileUtils*****\n" + contents);
contents = readUsingFiles(fileName);
System.out.println("*****Read File to String Using Files Class*****\n" + contents);
contents = readUsingBufferedReader(fileName);
System.out.println("*****Read File to String Using BufferedReader*****\n" + contents);
contents = readUsingBufferedReaderCharArray(fileName);
System.out.println("*****Read File to String Using BufferedReader and char array*****\n" + contents);
contents = readUsingFileInputStream(fileName);
System.out.println("*****Read File to String Using FileInputStream*****\n" + contents);
}
private static String readUsingBufferedReaderCharArray(String fileName) {
BufferedReader reader = null;
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
char[] buffer = new char[10];
try {
reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName));
while (reader.read(buffer) != -1) {
stringBuilder.append(new String(buffer));
buffer = new char[10];
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (reader != null)
try {
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
private static String readUsingFileInputStream(String fileName) {
FileInputStream fis = null;
byte[] buffer = new byte[10];
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
try {
fis = new FileInputStream(fileName);
while (fis.read(buffer) != -1) {
sb.append(new String(buffer));
buffer = new byte[10];
}
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fis != null)
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
private static String readUsingBufferedReader(String fileName) {
BufferedReader reader = null;
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
try {
reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName));
String line = null;
String ls = System.getProperty("line.separator");
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
stringBuilder.append(line);
stringBuilder.append(ls);
}
// delete the last ls
stringBuilder.deleteCharAt(stringBuilder.length() - 1);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (reader != null)
try {
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
private static String readUsingFiles(String fileName) {
try {
return new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(fileName)));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
private static String readUsingApacheCommonsIO(String fileName) {
try {
return FileUtils.readFileToString(new File(fileName), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
private static String readUsingScanner(String fileName) {
Scanner scanner = null;
try {
scanner = new Scanner(Paths.get(fileName), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
// we can use Delimiter regex as "\\A", "\\Z" or "\\z"
String data = scanner.useDelimiter("\\A").next();
return data;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
} finally {
if (scanner != null)
scanner.close();
}
}
}
您可以使用上述任何一种方法在Java中将文件内容读取到字符串中。但是,如果文件大小很大,不建议这样做,因为可能会遇到内存不足的错误。
你可以从我们的GitHub代码库中查看更多的Java IO示例。
参考文献:
- BufferedReader API Doc
- Files API Doc